16/12/2025

No sign of tensions easing within Bersatu Internal squabbles raise questions about readiness of party as well as Perikatan Nasional for next general election.

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Malaysian Paper www.thesun.my RM1.00 PER COPY Report on — page 4 ‘UEC legal issue’ Long-standing debate over recognition of Unified Examination Certificate in Malaysia should be resolved through courts, rather than political channels, says academic. SCAN ME No. 9005 PP 2644/12/2012 (031195)

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An expert urges Dong Zong to seek a court ruling on UEC, saying while it offers quality education and is accepted by many private institutions, its recognition must comply with the Federal Constitution and relevant laws. – SUNPIC

Deferment allows more time to coordinate, monitor situation closely while diplomatic channels remain active, says PM Asean foreign ministers meeting put off amid Thai-Cambodian clashes Report on — page 2

Second-hand house purchasers buy at their own risk Nearly 80% of homes sold have undisclosed pasts as no law requires sellers to reveal troubled property histories: Expert

Report on — page 3

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Asean talks postponed amid renewed Thai-Cambodian rift

KUALA LUMPUR: The government has no plans to upgrade the FT2 Federal Highway despite it recording its worst traffic service level in 2024, Dewan Negara was told yesterday. Works Minister Datuk Seri Alexander Nanta Linggi said upgrading the 34.59km stretch from KUALA LUMPUR: Mastery of new technologies must go hand in hand with preserving national identity and cultural heritage, Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim said. Speaking at the Seri Negara Conservation completion ceremony, Anwar said restoring the heritage building was not just about conservation but reaffirming the meaning of independence and national identity for younger generations. Once a symbol of colonial grandeur, Seri Negara – taken over by PETALING JAYA: Major social media and messaging platforms with at least eight million users in Malaysia will be automatically deemed registered from Jan 1, 2026, as regulators step up oversight of large online platforms operating in the country. The Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) said the move will be implemented under a dispensation of formalities provided in Section 46A of the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 known as the Deeming Provision. In a media statement, the regulator said the measure is aimed at ensuring that large-scale internet messaging and social media service providers comply with Malaysia’s legal and regulatory framework in an orderly, consistent and effective manner. The step follows the licensing framework for internet messaging and social media service providers introduced on Jan 1, 2025, which was designed to strengthen platform accountability and enforce compliance with Malaysian laws. The Deeming Provision will apply to platforms meeting the criteria, including WhatsApp, Telegram, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok and YouTube. “This initiative also ensures that all platforms involved bear clearer responsibility for user safety, particularly in safeguarding children and families,” the commission said. Service providers already registered as Applications Service Provider Class licensees will remain registered, with the Deeming Provision taking effect only after their current registration expires. Ű BY HARITH KAMAL newsdesk@thesundaily.com Major online platforms ‘automatically registered’

“We are still coordinating and monitoring the situation closely,” Anwar told reporters after attending an event at the International Institute of Advanced Islamic Studies yesterday. He added that the decision to defer the meeting was taken to “get everything in order” while diplomatic channels remain active. Despite the delay, Anwar stressed that Asean engagement on the issue has not paused. “We are still appealing to them to stop the fighting. This is very critical,” he said.

Meanwhile, FT5 (Jalan Klang– Sabak Bernam) at BR104 recorded a “LOS A”, showing it can still handle existing traffic, so no upgrades are planned. The West Coast Expressway, expected to be fully completed in 2026, could serve as an alternative to ease FT5 congestion. – Bernama According to Anwar, he remains in daily contact with leaders and officials to prevent further escalation and to keep lines of communication open. Responding to questions on developments in the Gulf of Thailand, including concerns over a potential blockade and its impact on maritime security and trade, Anwar said discussions were ongoing. Tensions between Thailand and Cambodia have flared again despite both countries signing the Kuala Lumpur Peace Accord on Oct 26 at the Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre on the sidelines of the 47th Asean Summit. The joint declaration was signed by Thai Prime Minister Anutin Charnvirakul and Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet, and witnessed by current Asean chairman Anwar and United States President Donald Trump. However, about a week ago, both sides accused each other of provocations along contested areas. In November, Anutin announced a suspension of the peace agreement, alleging that Cambodian forces had laid new landmines in remote jungle areas, leaving several Thai patrol soldiers seriously wounded. Tensions escalated further when Thailand and Cambodia traded accusations over who initiated a brief firefight along the border. On Dec 8, Thailand carried out air strikes, marking a renewed flare up in hostilities. Meanwhile, the Foreign Ministry said in a statement that the Foreign Ministers’ Meeting (AMM) has been postponed to Monday, Dec 22, at Thailand’s request. The meeting will be chaired by Foreign Minister Datuk Seri Mohamad Hasan, in Malaysia’s capacity as the current Asean Chair. Earlier, Anwar attended the launch of The Man Who Could Move Mountains: Reflections on the Social Activism of S.M. Mohamed Idris , a commemorative book honouring the late Penang-based consumer rights champion. Anwar, who wrote the foreword, paid glowing tribute to the late Mohamed Idris, affectionately known as Uncle Idris, describing him as a man of integrity.

o Deferment allows more time to coordinate, monitor situation closely while diplomatic channels remain active, says PM

Ű BY IKHWAN ZULKAFLEE newsdesk@thesundaily.com

despite to de-escalate tensions and safeguard regional diplomacy. Anwar said the postponement was requested by the parties involved to allow more time for coordination and confidence building measures, even as Malaysia and other Asean partners continue to urge restraint. ongoing efforts

KUALA LUMPUR: The Asean foreign ministers’ meeting scheduled for today has been postponed amid renewed skirmishes along the Thailand– Cambodia border, Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim said,

Anwar presenting the book to Consumers Association of Penang president Mohideen Abdul Kader, who is the brother of Mohamed Idris, at the launch. – BERNAMAPIC MCMC stressed that affected platforms will continue to operate their global services as usual. Strike balance between technology, heritage: Anwar

Lumpur, which is scheduled to begin operations on Dec 31. On FT28 (Kepong–Sri Petaling), Nanta noted the Sungai Besi–Ulu Kelang Expressway has helped ease congestion, but upgrading FT28 is also not viable due to similar cost and social concerns. conserving eight heritage buildings, including Seri Negara and Carcosa, and constructing a new bridge linking them to the Perdana Botanical Gardens. Built in 1896 by first British resident-general Sir Frank Swettenham, Seri Negara was his official residence from 1904. – Bernama generate RM7.85 billion by 2035, covering sites such as Dataran Merdeka, Seri Negara, Merdeka 118, the Tun Abdul Razak Memorial and Kuala Lumpur Railway Station. Khazanah is tasked with

Middle Ring Road 2 at Census Station BR903,” he said. Replying to Senator Tiew Way Keng, Nanta said the government is instead considering a new highway to disperse traffic and alternative public transport via the Light Rail Transit 3 from Shah Alam to Kuala with historical preservation, rejecting the idea that economic progress must erode heritage. He urged this approach to serve as a model nationwide, through collaboration between government agencies, local authorities and the corporate sector, to ensure cities remain culturally rich, sustainable and people-centred. The government’s Kuala Lumpur Heritage Project (Warisan KL) aims to conserve historic assets as economic and community drivers. Warisan KL is projected to

Kuala Lumpur to Port Klang is no longer economically viable due to high land and asset acquisition costs and potential social impacts. “Based on 2024 traffic data, the level of service at Census Station BR101 was ‘LOS F’, indicating heavy congestion, similar to FT28 of the the government in 1982 – should now serve as an inclusive space for all Malaysians, rather than being an exclusive domain for elites. “These historic buildings becoming preferred spaces for the ruling elite is not wrong, but ordinary citizens must also enjoy them. “Seri Negara belongs to the entire nation, reflecting its narratives, history, arts, culture and literature, in line with Madani principles of inclusivity,” he said. Anwar stressed that high investment development can coexist

FT2 Federal Highway upgrade ‘economically unviable’

TUESDAY | DEC 16, 2025

3 Buying blind in Malaysia’s housing market

Empower buyers, disclose risks upfront: Fomca

PETALING JAYA: The government should consider introducing a law or formal guideline requiring sellers and agents to disclose material non-financial risks in subsale property transactions, says the Federation of Malaysian Consumers Associations (Fomca). Its CEO, Saravanan Thambirajah, said such risks include harassment, gang activity, violent incidents or other safety concerns that could influence a buyer’s decision. “At present, buyers are not specifically protected by any law requiring sellers or agents to disclose non-financial risks such as harassment, gang activity, intimidation, criminal use of the property or other safety related issues linked to the property or its surrounding environment. “Given that safety, security and peace of mind are material considerations for any homebuyer, there should be a requirement for mandatory disclosure of non-financial risks that could reasonably influence a buyer’s purchasing decision.” Saravanan said Fomca and the National Consumer Complaints Centre regularly receive complaints from buyers who discover safety or social issues only after completing a property purchase. “Consumers often approach us after learning that their property was previously linked to criminal activity, violent incidents or persistent neighbourhood disturbances after moving in. “While these cases involve criminal matters that fall under police jurisdiction, they highlight a recurring concern about the lack of upfront disclosure and the serious impact on consumers’ sense of safety and quality of life.” One of the biggest challenges for buyers, Saravanan added, is the absence of a formal mechanism to verify a property’s safety or social history before purchase. “There is no mandatory disclosure requirement, no publicly accessible database linking crime or safety incidents to specific properties and limited transparency at the neighbourhood level. Information involving intimidation, gang activity or harassment is typically within the domain of law enforcement and not easily accessible to the public,” he said, adding that social stigma and fear often prevent neighbours from sharing information. In the current regulatory environment, prospective buyers must rely on informal measures to protect themselves. Saravanan advised observing the property and surrounding area at different times, engaging with neighbours and conducting online searches for news reports related to the property or locality. He said buyers can also consult independent property professionals familiar with the area and even make enquiries with the police, though access to information may be limited due to privacy and investigative restrictions. “While these steps can help, they are not a substitute for proper disclosure requirements. Consumers should not be expected to uncover hidden risks on their own.”– By Harith Kamal

Ű BY HARITH KAMAL newsdesk@thesundaily.com

consequences. “Research shows that once such information becomes known, properties tend to face a longer time-on-market and downward pressure on prices. “When buyers are unaware at the point of transaction, properties may trade at normal market values, with the stigma only emerging during resale.” This reflects information asymmetry, reinforced by Malaysia’s contract law framework, he said. “Under the Contracts Act 1950, silence does not generally amount to misrepresentation,” he said, noting similar pricing effects linked to housing stigma are observed in countries such as the United States and Japan. On whether property agents should voluntarily disclose safety related or criminal histories, Najib said Malaysian law imposes no general duty. “Estate agents are regulated under the Valuers, Appraisers, Estate Agents and Property Managers Act 1981, which requires them to avoid misrepresentation and act in the public interest. “However, there is no explicit requirement to disclose stigma related issues.” Still, he said, academic literature on real estate ethics suggests withholding information that would materially affect a buyer’s decision raises fairness concerns. For buyers seeking to avoid high risk or so-called “black area” properties, Najib said legal due diligence alone is insufficient. “Formal searches under land law do not capture safety, social or reputational risks. Buyers need to conduct their own social due diligence. “This includes speaking to building management, residents’ associations and neighbours, observing the area at different times and asking agents or sellers directly about past incidents. “A seller’s or agent’s willingness to respond transparently is itself informative,” he said, adding that documenting such inquiries in writing is advisable. On whether Malaysia should introduce mandatory disclosure, Najib cautioned against a sweeping regime. “The most appropriate approach would be a targeted disclosure framework with safe-harbour protection,” he said, rather than a broad overhaul of contract or land law. He pointed to Japan’s system for psychologically impacted properties, which requires disclosure of specific, verifiable events within defined timeframes without permanently stigmatising properties. “For Malaysia, a limited model focusing on serious, clearly defined safety issues, time-bound disclosure and legal protection for good-faith disclosure would strike the right balance.”

o Nearly 80 % of homes sold have undisclosed pasts as no law requires sellers to reveal troubled property histories: Expert

PETALING JAYA: Nearly 80% of homes sold in Malaysia are second hand, yet no law requires sellers to disclose a property’s troubling past – from violent deaths and crime to harassment or safety hazards – leaving buyers to navigate a largely “buyer beware” market. According to the National Property Information Centre’s Property Market Report 2023 summary, only 21.5% of residential transactions involved new homes, meaning the vast majority occurred in the secondary market. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia property economics and finance expert Assoc Prof Dr Muhammad Najib Razali said even a small number of properties with troubling histories can attract widespread attention in such a large market. “There is no statutory or

dominant, they are sufficiently present to influence buyer behaviour, especially in high density urban areas.” Najib explained that Malaysia’s subsale market largely operates on an “as is where is” basis, reinforcing the principle of caveat emptor, or buyer beware. “That combination – a huge secondary market, a buyer-beware mindset and patchy public data on so-called ‘soft risks’ – is why stories about problems following a house travel so quickly.” From a market perspective, he said awareness of a property’s adverse non-financial history can have tangible economic

administrative system in Malaysia that records or discloses non financial histories of residential properties. “Neither the National Land Code 1965 nor related regulations require such matters to be registered in land titles or sale documentation.” As a result, Najib said the true prevalence of these properties cannot be empirically measured. “However, academic studies on Malaysian housing markets do identify the existence of ‘stigmatised properties’, particularly those associated with psychological stigma from violent deaths or serious crime. “While these properties are not

Najib said there is no statutory or administrative system in Malaysia that records or discloses non-financial histories of residential properties. – AI-GENERATED IMAGE BY AZURA ABAS.

Second-hand house purchasers must do their homework

Ű BY IKHWAN ZULKAFLEE newsdesk@thesundaily.com

past harassment by loan sharks rarely affect market value unless the property is in a high-crime ‘black area’. Homes in dangerous neighbourhoods however, do see a dip in price, as buyers weigh safety concerns for their families.” Erman stressed that while buyers should exercise due diligence, there is no legal requirement for sellers to disclose past non-financial issues such as gang harassment. “Ultimately, it is the buyer’s responsibility to assess a property’s condition, location and safety.”

financial issues. “Banks will only disburse funds to the agency for payment to the previous homeowner once it is verified that there are no caveats, outstanding utility bills or other restrictions on the property. This guarantees that the property can be sold without any legal obstacles.” He added that this contrasts with auctioned properties, where buyers often pay less but inherit all liabilities. “For auctioned homes, buyers inherit all debts. For subsale properties, minor disturbances or

conducted on an as-is basis, leaving prospective buyers to assess the property for themselves. “When a buyer views a property, they see it in its current state. If satisfied, they can proceed with the purchase. “Once the agreement is signed, the seller cannot remove doors, ceilings or other fixtures,” he told theSun . Erman also further explained that while banks ensure the property is free of financial encumbrances such as unpaid utility bills or caveats, there is no legal obligation to disclose non

PETALING JAYA: Buyers of second hand homes in Malaysia face a harsh reality – they must investigate potential risks themselves – including harassment by loan sharks or past links to gangs and drugs. This is because sellers are under no legal obligation to disclose such history. Erman Taib, chief operating officer of Quality Home Realty (M) Sdn Bhd, said subsale transactions are

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4

Bersatu rifts deepen after Sabah defeat

‘Cabinet positions should be filled by sitting MPs’ PETALING JAYA: Political observers said Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim is expected to appoint new ministers from among elected MPs rather than the Senate, amid growing pressure for the Unity government to respect voter mandates and avoid perceptions of “backdoor” power appointments. International Islamic University of Malaysia political analyst Assoc Prof Dr Syaza Shukri said Cabinet positions should, as a matter of principle, be filled by MPs who have received a direct mandate from voters. “I don’t have specific names in mind, but in my view, it is better for the Cabinet to be made up of sitting MPs. “They have received the people’s mandate, and if we rely on senators who require training, it raises the question of whether voters made the wrong choice in electing their representatives.” While acknowledging that appointing senators or technocrats is constitutionally permissible and at times justified on grounds of expertise, she said such appointments could send the wrong political signal at a time when public expectations for reform remain high. “If names such as Nurul Izzah Anwar or Khairy Jamaluddin and even Datuk Wan Saiful Wan Jan are being mentioned, it could suggest that the current government MPs are weak. “The people want a signal that the government is serious about reform. Bringing in individuals who lost in the last general election risks giving an impression that reform and the people’s mandate are not being respected.” Syaza added that Anwar could also strengthen East Malaysian representation in the Cabinet, adding that additional ministers from Gabungan Parti Sarawak could fill the “quota” left vacant following the resignation of United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation (Upko) president Datuk Seri Ewon Benedick. “This would not only address the vacancy but also reinforce regional balance and coalition stability.” Universiti Sains Malaysia political analyst Prof Datuk Dr Sivamurugan Pandian said prospective Cabinet appointees are most likely to come from parties that require stronger federal representation, particularly PKR and Umno, and possibly DAP or Upko to ensure regional inclusivity. “Criteria for selection would include policy competence, coalition harmony, Sabah–Sarawak representation and the need to strengthen economic related portfolios. “Anwar’s choices would be aimed at consolidating the Unity government, improving administrative performance and preparing the coalition for future electoral cycles.” Sivamurugan added that the reshuffle was expected to be limited in scope, in line with Anwar’s recent indication that only a minor Cabinet adjustment was under consideration. Echoing this view, Singapore Institute of International Affairs senior fellow Dr Oh Ei Sun said political considerations within Anwar’s own party and across the ruling coalition would outweigh portfolio-specific suitability. – By Ikhwan Zulkaflee

o Party insiders point fingers as leadership questions resurface

Bersatu still have in Sabah?” Another issue flagged was Hamzah’s perceived effectiveness in leading the opposition. While his position as opposition leader is undisputed and his oratory skills are widely acknowledged, critics say eloquence alone does not make a prime-minister-in-waiting. Questions have also been raised about PN’s shadow cabinet, the framework meant to provide checks and balances against the Madani administration. If such a structure exists, it remains largely invisible, with most Malaysians unaware of its function or membership. Instead, certain opposition MPs have appeared more consumed by internal party disputes than by projecting PN as a credible alternative government. For Bersatu and PN, the unresolved divisions raise questions about their readiness for the next general election, due by 2027, or earlier should Johor’s state election be brought forward. Some within Bersatu point to what they see as Hamzah’s most consequential miscalculation. Another source familiar with internal negotiations said Hamzah may have overestimated his influence during talks with Gabungan Parti Sarawak, led by Sarawak Premier Tan Sri Abang Johari Abang Openg. Nearly three years on, Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim remains in power and the Opposition has yet to come close to unseating the government, even during crucial budget votes.

Ű BY IKHWAN ZULKAFLEE newsdesk@thesundaily.com

PETALING JAYA: Internal tensions affecting Bersatu show little sign of easing, even after a recent electoral defeat that might have been expected to pull the party together. After the 17th Sabah State Election concluded, Bersatu president and Perikatan Nasional (PN) chairman Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin ( pic ) found himself back in the firing line, cast by some within the party as the “fall guy” for alleged failures in leadership and management. Several Bersatu figures were dropped ahead of polling day, a move now being linked to PN’s defeat on Nov 29. The sluggish performance of the election machinery was blamed on a shortage of campaign funds. In Sabah, a faction led by party state secretary Yunus Nordin called for Muhyiddin’s resignation, even before a post-mortem of the loss had been tabled. A source holding senior rank within the party described the move as “a reckless attempt to stain Muhyiddin’s image before the facts are established”, dismissing the Yunus-led press conference as political theatre that “did little

Questions have also been raised about PN’s shadow cabinet, the framework meant to provide checks and balances against the Madani administration. – SUNPIC

more than air dirty laundry”. Traditionally, accountability for election outcomes rests with the election director. In PN’s case, the role is held by Bersatu deputy president and Opposition leader Datuk Seri Hamzah Zainuddin ( pic ). The source also told theSun that the candidate list for the Sabah polls was allegedly handed to Muhyiddin only on the night of its announcement. “It raised questions about coordination and preparedness.”

The decision to contest 41 seats also baffled party insiders, particularly when contrasted with the 2020 state election in which PN won 17 of the 29 seats it contested. This time, contesting 41 of Sabah’s 73 seats appeared perilous, given that all previously victorious PN assemblymen, including former Sabah Bersatu chairman Datuk Seri Hajiji Noor, had joined Gabungan Rakyat Sabah. “If the leader has crossed over, logic suggests followers would have too. So what real strength did

Postponing reshuffle shows careful leadership: Analysts PETALING JAYA: Analysts said Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim’s decision to hold off a Cabinet reshuffle for more than six months following the departure of former Economy minister Datuk Seri Rafizi Ramli signals a carefully calibrated leadership style, with political stability taking precedence over speed. She added that Anwar’s leadership approach reflects an acute awareness of the fragile nature of a Unity government, in which every decision carries political implications that extend beyond administrative efficiency. Universiti Sains Malaysia political analyst Prof Datuk Dr Sivamurugan Pandian also described Anwar as a leader who values careful calibration over speed. He said the prolonged vacancies suggest a preference for managing competing interests rather than risking internal friction through rushed decisions. there are very few capable and presentable ministerial candidates. “The possible exception is PKR Deputy President Nurul Izzah Anwar, but she has never held an executive position despite her high standing in the party.”

He suggested that Anwar faces difficulty assembling a Cabinet team from within PKR that could project competence and credibility, adding that poor appointments could revive public ridicule similar to past controversies involving certain ministries. “That would further damage both his and PKR’s political reputation. So he is almost forced to procrastinate.” Oh expressed belief that the prime minister is likely to fill the vacant posts simultaneously in the near future. He said decision-making power currently appears to rest either collectively with the Cabinet or centrally with Anwar himself, reducing the urgency to immediately replace individual ministers. “At this point, he does not seem to feel pressured to act.” – By Ikhwan Zulkaflee

She also said Anwar’s reluctance to move quickly on a Cabinet reshuffle is also driven by a desire to avoid the perception that his administration depends on specific individuals. “In this case, the ministers resigned of their own accord rather than being instructed to step down by the prime minister. “That distinction matters politically, as Anwar would not want to be seen as reacting impulsively or reshaping the Cabinet around personalities.” Syaza said Anwar’s approach is inherently calculative, adding that while the prime minister technically has the prerogative to appoint or replace ministers without consultation, political realities require negotiation and compromise. “This is politics. Of course there has to be give and take, especially in a Unity government.”

They said Anwar appears in no rush to act, opting instead to prioritise coalition consensus within the Unity government, even if it results in prolonged vacancies in key ministerial portfolios. International Islamic University Malaysia political analyst Assoc Prof Dr Syaza Shukri said the prime minister’s overriding consideration appears to be safeguarding the stability of a government built on cooperation among multiple parties with differing interests. “Anwar’s primary calculation is the stability of the government. He may not want to make hasty decisions because they could trigger a chain reaction, such as newly-appointed ministers underperforming or dissatisfaction arising among coalition partners,” she told theSun .

“The delay reflects Anwar’s methodical leadership style. He is balancing party expectations and coalition dynamics to ensure that any reshuffle strengthens policy delivery instead of weakening internal cohesion.” He added that Anwar’s approach underscores a focus on long-term political management rather than short-term optics, particularly in a complex coalition environment in which consensus-building remains critical. However, Singapore Institute of International Affairs senior fellow Dr Oh Ei Sun offered a more critical assessment, saying the delay may also stem from limited ministerial options within Anwar’s own party. “Frankly speaking, within PKR

TUESDAY | DEC 16, 2025

5

‘UEC debate should be resolved in court’

Certificate issue stirs spirited public discourse PETALING JAYA: The debate over recognising the Unified Examination Certificate (UEC)

the seized drugs were intended for distribution within the Klang Valley,” he said at a press conference yesterday. Other seizures included 1,539 packets of suspected ecstasy powder weighing approximately 50kg, ketamine (21.5kg), ecstasy pills (2.5kg), syabu (980g), Eramin 5 pills (3.5kg) and yaba pills (587g). Shazeli added that the two female suspects were believed to have received a salary of RM5,000 each, while the male suspect was said to have only recently started work after entering the country on Nov 25. He also said police are still verifying the immigration status of the foreign man with the Immigration Department after discovering that there was no fingerprint entry on his passport. “All suspects have been remanded for seven days and the case is being investigated under Section 39B of the Dangerous Drugs Act 1952.” – Bernama The user said such a move would attract all students to a high quality national system, resolving integration concerns. Facebook comments highlighted broader social and constitutional concerns. Yusup Che Rus said recognition of the certificate could lead to demands for quotas in civil service and higher education, framing them as “rights” to be claimed. Aris Nor Ramli said decades after independence, many Malaysian Chinese still struggle with BM due to the persistence of separate school systems, which are not even common in mainland China. He added that opposing the UEC could exacerbate social divisions. Others questioned whether the certificate aligns with Malaysia’s educational philosophy. Mohd Noor Mat Salleh said the UEC is not inherently Malaysian and should not be prioritised politically or educationally. “If individuals find it useful, that’s fine, but there’s no need for a fuss.” Mohd Nor Baharum said private schools following Taiwan or China’s curriculum should not dictate national policy. He called for discussions on the UEC to be set aside to avoid diverting attention from broader national concerns, adding that constitutional principles must take precedence. Several commentators addressed the academic rigour and recognition of the certificate. Siin Thean said UEC students also sit for the SPM, ensuring proficiency in BM and History. Mohd Azil said the UEC is academically challenging, particularly in Chinese and core subjects, and is widely recognised by private and international universities for undergraduate study. “While UEC and STPM are equivalent in pre-university standards, they differ in educational pathway, with senior UEC graduates able to apply directly to universities without completing Form 6.” – By Kirtinee Ramesh

continues to provoke strong public reactions, with discussions focusing on language proficiency, education standards and national cohesion. Social media platforms such as Reddit and Facebook have emerged as forums for discussion, reflecting a wide spectrum of views. Reddit user TrippingInSpace420, identifying as Malaysian Chinese, voiced support for recognising the certificate, provided students demonstrate fluency in Bahasa Malaysia (BM), both written and oral. “Being fluent in an extra language has more pros than cons, especially when it is the national language, enabling communication with hundreds of millions of speakers worldwide.” Other Reddit users emphasised the practical importance of BM proficiency. User EY-MY said Malaysian Chinese, particularly those born after independence, should be able to communicate effectively in the national language. “It has been so long, yet there are still students from Chinese schools who cannot speak proper BM, even when it is essential.” The user added that pride in one’s mother tongue is important but practicality should not be overlooked, adding that BM is easier to learn today due to the influence of English terms. Certain users critiqued arguments against UEC recognition. User Neither-Ad-3759 said opposition to the certificate based on its use of Chinese overlooks the fact that other foreign-based qualifications such as A-levels, taught in English, are widely accepted for university entry. Meanwhile, user Alert_Card472 proposed a systemic solution: revamp Malaysia’s public education system to rival international schools, emphasising STEM, the arts and relevant curricula , while removing religious content during school hours.

o Recognition must comply with Federal Constitution, relevant laws, says academic

UNDERSTANDING THE UEC ISSUE

1961

Chinese independent schools opt out of national curriculum Need for a unified examination emerges

Ű BY KIRTINEE RAMESH newsdesk@thesundaily.com

1975

UEC introduced by Dong Zong Standardised school-leaving examination created Pakatan Harapan (PH) and Barisan Nasional promise UEC recognition Condition: credit in Bahasa Melayu (SPM) Education Ministry says no plan to recognise UEC Cites National Education Policy and Education Act 2018 2023 ed tanHarap

PETALING Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Malaysian Inclusive Development and Advancement Institute deputy director Dr Anuar Ahmad said the long-standing debate over the recognition of the Unified Examination Certificate (UEC) in Malaysia should be resolved through the courts, rather than political channels. “The issue is not about implementation or education quality. It has been (ongoing) since 1961.” He said the government has allowed UEC examinations to be conducted in Chinese independent schools for decades. What remains unresolved is the demand for full recognition, which would allow UEC holders to enter public universities or apply for public sector jobs on equal footing with STPM graduates. “This is the core issue. Full recognition would create two parallel certifications: STPM under the national education system and the UEC.” He added that the situation raises questions of fairness, particularly when students taking SPM and STPM study in Malay, while UEC students study in Mandarin. “When applying to (public universities), this appears unequal, creating a perception of double standards.” He suggested a single national certification, STPM, with options to include Mandarin, Tamil or other languages as exam components. “This would remove the need for dual certifications while respecting linguistic diversity.” He said the UEC debate is a legal, not an educational issue, adding that while it offers quality education and is accepted by private institutions, its recognition must comply with the Federal Constitution and relevant laws. He urged the United Chinese School Committees’ Association (Dong Zong) to seek a court ruling for clarification. “If the court finds that the certificate aligns with the Constitution, then it could be recognised. If it does not meet constitutional, language or education requirements, recognition cannot proceed.” Anuar said other countries, including Singapore and China, do not officially recognise the UEC as equivalent to their education systems, even if the qualification is accepted for certain purposes abroad. “This is not about oppression or discrimination. The solution is legal. JAYA:

2016

Sarawak recognises UEC Accepted for state civil service and state universities

2020

PH task force on UEC dissolved after change of government Recognition process stalls DAP leaders renew calls for recognition Opposition from Umno Youth resurfaces UEC debate reignited 2024–2025 the constitutionality of the certificate, and the government must respect that decision.” He criticised the decades-long delay in resolving the matter. “From 1975 to 2025, 50 years have passed without the matter being tested in court. Legal channels would have been faster than political debates.” He drew parallels with court cases involving national-type primary schools (Chinese and Tamil), which were resolved through the judiciary. In 2021, the High Court ruled the schools lawful under the Constitution. In 2023, the Court of Appeal upheld the decision and the Federal Court confirmed the rulings. “After these rulings, no one disputes the legality of the schools. Similarly, the issue should be settled in court, with the ruling respected.” He also said politicising the debate is unnecessary. “The law decides. Once a court Courts should decide

RM10.4m drugs seized in raid SHAH ALAM: Police seized drugs worth RM10.4 million and arrested three individuals in a raid on a three-storey terrace house in Kajang on Dec 8.

theSun Graphics by Kirtinee Ramesh

rules, it must be respected. This is the proper path forward for UEC recognition in Malaysia.” He also urged all parties, including Dong Zong, to take the legal route for a definitive and lasting solution. “Once the law speaks, everyone must accept it. “This is how we ensure fairness, legality and clarity in our education system.” National Union of the Teaching Profession secretary-general Fouzi Singon said Malaysia places a high value on harmony and national unity, which relies on shared standards in language and education. He said fully recognising the certificate could set a precedent, leading other communities to demand similar recognition and potentially upset the social balance. “The UEC is designed to meet foreign systems, such as those in Taiwan or China and may not align with Malaysia’s educational needs or standards.”

Selangor police chief Datuk Shazeli Kahar said the suspects, two local women and a foreign man, were believed to have acted as packers at the premises, which was suspected to have been used as a storage facility for various types of drugs over the past three months. He said in addition to drugs weighing about 81kg, police also seized 1,600 sticks of cigarettes suspected to contain ganja buds, estimated to weigh about 2kg, as well as 400 boxes of beverages and bottles believed to contain liquid ecstasy, with a total volume of approximately 195.5 litres. “The raid was carried out by the Selangor Narcotics Criminal Investigation Department in collaboration with the Kajang police headquarters. We believe all

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Pokemon cards sold to fund Gaza aid

KUCHING: What began as a stay-at-home hobby has blossomed into a thriving enterprise for Kuching-based artisan Rena Kho, who brings the spirit of Christmas to life through intricately designed polymer clay jewellery and handmade accessories. Kho, 57, said her clay-crafting journey began in 2013 after she was introduced to basic techniques through church activities. She later refined her skills by attending specialised courses in Kuala Lumpur, Singapore and Japan. “My work initially focused on clay flowers and figurines before expanding into jewellery eight years later. Polymer clay really impressed me because with a simple piece you can create KUALA LUMPUR: Letting go of something you love is never easy, especially when it carries memories and has sentimental value. But it was different for Sabah-born Ayesha Assilla Watuna, who was willing to sell her personal collection of rare, limited-edition and hard-to-find Pokemon cards to raise funds to join the Global Sumud Flotilla, which is expected to conduct its next humanitarian mission to Gaza early next year. Pokemon is a popular Japanese media franchise centred around creatures called Pokemon. The franchise includes anime (Japanese animation), a trading card game, movies and other merchandise. With more than 3,000 cards featuring the cute animated characters that coloured her childhood, the 30-year-old homemaker said the idea to part with her Pokemon trading card game collection came after seeing many Malaysian women step forward and make sacrifices to help the people of Palestine. “I want to show that I’m able to contribute something meaningful to society and that makes everything worthwhile. Not only that, I’ll also be able to tell my children a meaningful story when they grow up – that I once sold my Pokemon cards so I could set foot in Palestine to o Sabah-born homemaker raises over RM15,000 for humanitarian mission

almost anything.” The Kuching native said polymer clay is well suited for jewellery-making as it is durable, washable and retains its colour for years when baked at a specific temperature. Each piece, she said, is entirely handmade – from conceptualising the design and selecting colour combinations to shaping, baking and finishing – with every pair of earrings taking at least one and a half hours to complete. “For this year’s Christmas season, I have created festive-themed designs featuring red roses and Christmas icons. Several items, such as Christmas tree earrings, have already sold out due to strong demand, but they will be help those in need,” she told Bernama. Ayesha began selling the cards online and at a weekend night market stall in Taman Melawati in late October. She has so far raised more than RM15,000 from the sales, with her card prices ranging from RM2 to several thousand ringgit each. “I am determined to channel 100% of the proceeds to the Global Sumud Flotilla fund. I don’t mind selling every card I own, even the ones I’m reluctant to part with,” she said, adding that she also has in her collection a Pokemon edition that is only sold in Japan, acquired for her by a friend. The mother of three, who started collecting Pokemon cards in June this year, said the hobby initially began as a way to fill her free time, but she never expected the cards to be valuable. Spending around RM2,000 a month to get the cards she wanted, Ayesha said card prices fluctuate based on the market, which collectors track using an app widely used by Pokemon fans and buyers. “It’s quite similar to gold, the longer you hold onto a card, the higher the value. Collectors usually sell their cards based on the market price shown in the Shiny app, where we just scan the card and the price appears. “Some card bundles I bought for only RM400 earlier are now worth double and may continue to increase in value. As long as the original plastic seal is intact, the price can rise higher.” Ayesha Assilla, who finds card collecting therapeutic, said her favourite characters include Charizard , while her preferred illustrator is Tomokazu Komiya.

Ayesha Assilla parts with her prized card collection to join the Global Sumud Flotilla which is expected to conduct its next humanitarian mission to Gaza early next year. – BERNAMAPIC

Christmas cheer crafted from clay

art (viscous organic substance from plants or synthetic polymer). She said the initiative allows women, including young mothers, to generate income from home while managing family responsibilities, transforming personal hobbies into sustainable livelihoods. Kho said festive seasons such as Christmas provide a significant boost to small craft businesses, with sales reaching up to RM30,000, including products made by fellow artisans. “Giving back is an important part of the Christmas tradition, so a portion of our earnings is donated annually to charitable organisations, especially The Salvation Army.” – Bernama

restocked soon,” said the mother of three. Kho also markets her creations through social media platforms such as Facebook and Instagram, allowing her to reach a wider customer base beyond Kuching. Embracing Christmas as a season of love and sharing, Kho said she aims to reflect the festive message through her designs while spreading joy to customers from all backgrounds. Beyond her own creations, she has also brought together a small group of Sarawakian women artisans, most of them homemakers, to collectively market handmade crafts including micro-crochet accessories, macrame bags (textile art using knotting techniques) and resin

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Britain calls for his immediate release LONDON: Britain condemned the “politically motivated prosecution” of Jimmy Lai and called for his immediate release, in a statement issued yesterday. “The UK condemns the politically motivated prosecution of Jimmy Lai that has resulted in today’s guilty verdict,” Britain’s Foreign Office said on X. “Jimmy Lai has been targeted by the Chinese and Hong Kong governments for peacefully exercising his right to freedom of expression ... We continue to call for Mr Lai’s CHIEF Executive John Lee said he welcomed the court’s verdict and that the ruling upheld legal justice and safeguarded Hong Kong’s core values. He said the government will study the judgment in detail and issue a more comprehensive statement later. “I stress that the HKSAR Government has a clear standing and the judiciary is confident and unafraid of any intimidation and firmly discharges its responsibility to safeguard national security,” Lee told reporters. CHINA’S National Security Office in Hong Kong called Lai a “pawn of external anti China forces” who attempted a “colour revo lution” in the city. “We strongly condemn the political manipulation of Hong Kong by a small number of Western politicians and anti China media under the guise of ‘human rights’ and ‘freedom’, openly exonerating Jimmy Lai, glorifying his behavior endangering national security, and grossly interfering in Hong Kong’s judiciary.” IN A statement signed by 76 lawmakers from 30 parliaments, IPAC condemn the guilty verdict. “Had the Sino-British Joint Declaration and other binding instruments of international law been honoured by Beijing, this prosecution could never have proceeded. Jimmy Lai’s suffering is therefore due, in part, to the failure of the international community to enforce China’s legal obliga tions ... This was a sham trial that fell far short of international fair-trial standards.” – The Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China (IPAC) “THIS ruling serves as a declaration to the world that Hong Kong’s freedoms, democ racy, and judicial independence have been systematically eroded.” – Taiwan’s Mainland Affairs Council “I HAVE known Lai not as a symbol, but as a man – an editor, a believer, and someone who refused to accept that power should decide what may be said, printed, or believed. From that vantage point, today’s verdicts are not surprising. But they are still devastating.” – Exiled activist Samuel Chu “THIS verdict shows ...‘national security’laws are not in place to protect people, but to silence them. It should also serve as a warn ing to all people doing business in Hong Kong: that pursuing opportunities in the city comes with severe legal risks. “This verdict is not just about one man: it is the latest step in a systematic crackdown on freedom of expression: targeting not only protests and political parties, but the very idea that people can – indeed, should – hold power to account.” – Amnesty international China director Sarah Brooks “THIS sham conviction is a disgraceful act of persecution. The ruling underscores Hong Kong’s utter contempt for press freedom, which is supposed to be protected under the city’s mini-constitution, the Basic Law. Jimmy Lai’s only crime is running a newspa per and defending democracy. The risk of him dying from ill health in prison increases as each day passes – he must be reunited with his family immediately.” – Committee to Protect Journalists immediate release.” – Reuters Comments on the verdict:

HK media tycoon convicted

Apple Daily newspaper has been behind bars since 2020. His case has been widely criticised as an example of eroding political freedoms under the national security law Beijing imposed on Hong Kong following huge and sometimes violent pro democracy protests in 2019. “The predictability of today’s verdict does not make it any less dismaying – the conviction of Jimmy Lai feels like the death knell for press freedom in Hong Kong,” Amnesty International said in a statement. Reporters Without Borders called the “unlawful conviction” illustrative of “the alarming deterioration of media freedom in the territory”, while the Committee to Protect Journalists called it a “sham conviction” and “a disgraceful act of persecution”. Beijing said on Friday it “firmly supports” Hong Kong in “safeguarding national security” from criminal acts. Lai once described himself as a “born rebel” and defied the Communist Party for years while amassing millions from his clothing and media empires. The 78-year-old is a British citizen and UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer faces pressure from rights

including at the coast, Thai Defence Ministry spokesperson Surasant said. Cambodia said Thai forces had used drones and heavy artillery, alongside deploying F-16 jets for airstrikes in Siem Reap Province, which houses the country’s second largest city and the major tourist centre of Angkor Wat. “It is also noteworthy that the number of fighter jets and cluster bombs used by the Thai military to attack Cambodia has been increasing significantly,” said Cambodia Defence Ministry spokesperson Maly Socheata. – Reuters groups to secure his release. Before the verdict, another former Apple Daily employee surnamed Chan recalled that Lai wished for a “free and democratic China”. “He loved the country a lot, he just didn’t love the regime. (The situation) is absurd,” Chan said outside court. Lai looked thinner than when he first entered custody, and some of the dozens of supporters who gathered at dawn in front of the court expressed concern for his wellbeing. “I really want to see what’s happening with ‘the boss,’ to see if his health has deteriorated,” said Tammy Cheung, who worked at Lai’s newspaper for nearly two decades. Lai’s family recently said he had lost weight and had visible decay to his nails and teeth since his long imprisonment. His daughter Claire said last week that Lai, a diabetic, had “lost a very significant amount of weight” and showed nail and teeth decay. National security police chief superintendant Steve Li told a press conference yesterday that Claire Lai’s concerns as to her father’s health were smearing. Authorities have said Lai was receiving “adequate and comprehensive” care, and that he had been held in solitary confinement “at his own request”. Prosecutors cited 161 items Apple Daily published in their case against Lai. Those items, including opinion articles with Lai’s byline and talk shows he hosted, were deemed seditious under a colonial-era law because they “excited disaffection” against the government. Prosecutors also accused Lai of being the mastermind and financial backer of the protest group “Stand with Hong Kong, Fight for Freedom”. Lai countered that he had never sought to influence other countries’ foreign policies, saying Apple Daily represented Hongkongers’ core values: “Rule of law, freedom, pursuit of democracy, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly”. Apple Daily was forced to close in 2021 following police raids. Six top executives were charged as co defendants and have already pleaded guilty. – AFP

o Lai countered he never sought to influence other countries’ foreign policies

HONG KONG: Media tycoon Jimmy Lai was found guilty yesterday on three national security charges, a conviction rights groups denounced as a death knell for press freedoms in the financial hub. Prosecutors said Lai was the mastermind behind two conspiracies to ask foreign countries to take action against Hong Kong or China, and accused him of publishing materials they said “excited disaffection” against the government. The 78-year-old, who pleaded not guilty to the charges, now faces a maximum penalty of life in prison when he is sentenced. He can appeal the convictions. “There is no doubt that (Lai) had harboured his resentment and hatred of the PRC for many of his adult years,” Judge Esther Toh told the court, referring to the People’s Republic of China. “His constant invitation to the US to help bring down the Government of the PRC with the excuse of helping the people of HK would be analogous to the situation Lai espoused: 0 rule of law 0 freedom 0 pursuit of democracy 0 freedom of speech 0 freedom of religion 0 freedom of assembly

where an American national asks for help from Russia to bring down the US government under the guise of helping the State of California.” Lai, wearing a light green cardigan and grey jacket, looked impassive as he listened to the verdicts with folded arms, and did not speak. As he left, he nodded to his wife Teresa and his son Lai Shun-yan, who were sitting in the public gallery, a reporter inside the court saw. His defence lawyer Robert Pang told reporters as he left court that Lai “is in fine spirits”. Dozens of police officers were deployed around the West Kowloon court in the morning, with an armoured car positioned nearby. Consular representatives, including those from the United States, the European Union and France, were among those in attendance, as well as veterans from Hong Kong’s pro-democracy camp, including Cardinal Joseph Zen and former legislator Emily Lau. The founder of the now-shut

Thailand cuts Laos fuel route BANGKOK: Thailand’s military said yesterday that it has stopped fuel shipments passing through a border checkpoint with Laos because of fears they were being diverted to Cambodia. The Laotian Foreign Ministry did not immediately respond to an email seeking comment.

Singapore is the largest supplier of these fuels to Cambodia, Kpler ship-tracking data showed, with volumes so far this year totalling around 915,000 tonnes. Volumes from Thailand have fallen to around 30,000 tonnes this year, from less than 180,000 tonnes last year, the data showed. In a statement issued on Friday, Thailand’s Energy Ministry said there had been no exports of oil to Cambodia after July. Fighting is continuing at least nine locations along the frontier, with heavy exchanges of firing across four border provinces,

The military is also considering limiting the movement of Thai vessels into “high-risk areas” in Cambodian waters where they could be fired upon, a navy official said, adding that any such measures would not affect shipments from other countries. A sizeable portion of Cambodia’s refined fuel imports comes via the sea route, according to trade sources, though an exact percentage of market share could not be confirmed.

Thailand’s military has restricted the movement of all fuel supplies through the Chong Mek border crossing after receiving intelligence that these were being routed to Cambodian troops, said Thai Defence Ministry spokesperson Rear Admiral Surasant Kongsiri. “Our intention is not to cause impacts on the Lao people or government,” he said.